Paper Computer Network Bahasa Inggris II BSI

COMPUTER NETWORK

Lecturer : Palupi, S.S, M.Pd.

Compiled By :

Class 12.2A.21

1.      Herlina                                        12144316

2.      Uswatun Khasanah                     12145143

3.      Elfiatun Nurul Hidayah              12145199

4.      Fanny Fatmawati                        12145216

5.      Riyan Latifahul Hasanah            12145229

6.      Rizka Nurul Khasanah                12145230

7.      Lili Nurhartanti                           12145335

Manajemen Informatika

Bina Sarana Informatika Purwokerto

2015

PREFACE

First at all, give thanks for God’s love and grace for us.

Thanks to God for helping us and give us chance to finish this assignment timely. And we would like to say thank you to Mrs. Palupi S.S, M.Pd.  as the lecturer that always teaches us and give much knowledge about how to practice English well.

This paper was made to obtain the value of the task subjects in English. We realized this assignment is not perfect. But we hope it can be useful for us. Critics and suggestion is needed here to make this assignment be better.

Hopefully we as a student in “AMIK BSI Purwokerto” can work more professional by using English as the second language whatever we done. Thank you.

                                                                                                                  Compiler

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

PREFACE                                                                                                                 i

TABLE OF CONTENTS                                                                                        ii

CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION

A. Issue Background                                                                                           1

B. Problem Identification                                                                                    1         

C. Limitation of the Problems                                                                              1         

D. Problem Formulation                                                                                       1

CHAPTER II : DISCUSSION

             A.    Definition of Computer Network                                                                   2

             B.     Type of Computer Network                                                                            2

             C.     Characteristics Different Type of Network                                                    4

             D.    Devices for Computer Network                                                                      7

CHAPTER III : FINAL

            A.    Knot                                                                                                                9

            B.     Advice                                                                                                             9

BIBLIOGRAPHY                                                                                                    10

INTRODUCTION

A.     Issue Background 

Technological developments have made many remarkable progress. Many things from life sector that has used the existence of the technology itself. Presence has a considerable impact on the lives of human beings in various aspects and dimensions. Likewise with the communication technology is hardware equipment in the organizational structure that contains social value that enables individuals to collect, process and exchange information (in Rogers, 1986)

In the development of technology to the network, where each device can interact with another devices and another computers, from the local network to the global network, called the Internet. In this paper the author will try to explain the various computer networks.

B.   Identification Problems (Background) 

In accordance with the title of this paper “Computer Network” , the problem can be identified as follows :

            a)      What is the meaning of computer network?

            b)      What the various types of computer networks?

            c)      What are the characteristics of various types of network?

            d)     What kind of devices used in computer network

C. Limitation of the Problem

To clarify the scope of the discussion , the issues addressed are limited to the issue :

            a)      Understanding computer network

            b)      Understanding various type of computer network

            c)      Understanding the characteristics different type of network

            d)     Understanding devices for computer network

D. Problem Formulation .

Based on the background and the issue of limitation, the issues discussed can beformulated as follows :

            a)      What kinds of uses of computer network topology?

            b)      What sense of topology, protocol and architecture?

            c)      What devices is used to create a computer network?

CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A.    Definition of Computer Network

The Meanings of Computer Network :

·         A computer network is a group of interconnected computers.

·         A computer network   is a collection of computing devices that are connected in various ways in order to communicate and share resources.

·         A network is a collection of computers connected to each other. The network allows computers to communicate with each other and share resources and information.

Usually, the connections between computers in a network are made using physical wires or cables. However, some connections are wireless, using radio waves or infrared signals. The benefit of a computer network are : Sharing hardware resources easily and Sharing information easily.

The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) designed "Advanced Research Projects Agency Network“ (ARPANET) for the United States Department of Defense. It was the first computer network in the world in late 1960's and early 1970's.

B.     Type of Computer Network

1.      Local-area Networks (LANs)

·         The computers are geographically close together (that is in the same building).

·         A network that connects a relatively small number of machines in a relatively close geographical area.

2.      Wide-area Networks (WANs)

·         The computers are farther apart and are connected by telephone lines or radio waves.

·         A network that connects two or more local-area networks over a potentially large geographic distance

Local-area Networks connected across a distance to create a Wide-area Network

3.      Campus-area Networks (CANs)

The computers are within a limited geographic are a, such as a campus or military base. 

4.      Metropolitan-area Networks (MANs)

A data network designed for a town or city. 

5.      Home-area Networks (HANs)

A network contained within a user's home that connects a person's digital devices. 

C.    Characteristics Different Type of Network

The following characteristics are used to categorize different types of networks:

1.      Topology

·    The geometric arrangement of a computer system.

·    The network topology defines the way in which computers, printers, and other devices are connected. A network topology describes the layout of the wire and devices as well as the paths used by data transmissions. 

·    Common topologies include a bus, star, and ring. 

A.    Bus Topology

All nodes are connected to a single communication line that carries messages in both directions. Commonly referred to as a linear bus, all the devices on a bus topology are connected by one single cable.

         B.    Ring Topology

A configuration that connects all nodes in a closed loop on which messages travel in one direction. A frame travels around the ring, stopping at each node. If a node wants to transmit data, it adds the data as well as the destination address to the frame. The frame then continues around the ring until it finds the destination node, which takes the data out of the frame.

•      Single ring – All the devices on the network share a single cable

•      Dual ring – The dual ring topology allows data to be sent in both directions. 

         C.    Star Topology

A configuration that centers around one node to which all others are connected and through which all messages are sent. The star topology is the most commonly used architecture in Ethernet LANs. When installed, the star topology resembles spokes in a bicycle wheel. Larger networks use the extended star topology also called tree topology. When used with network devices that filter frames or packets, like bridges, switches, and routers, this topology significantly reduces the traffic on the wires by sending packets only to the wires of the destination host.

          D.    Mesh Topology

The mesh topology connects all devices (nodes) to each other for redundancy and fault tolerance. It is used in WANs to interconnect LANs and for mission critical networks like those used by banks and financial institutions. Implementing the mesh topology is expensive and difficult. 

2.      Protocol

The protocol defines a common set of rules and signals that computers on the network use to communicate. Two of the most popular protocols for LANs is called Ethernet and the IBM token-ring network

3.      Architecture

Networks can be broadly classified as using either a peer-to-peer or client/server architecture. Computers on a network are sometimes called nodes. Computers and devices that allocate resources for a network are called servers.

D.    Devices for Computer Network

There are many kinds of devices to create a computer network. For a basic computer network we would need :

1. Network Interface Cards

A network card, network adapter or NIC (network interface card) is a piece of computer hardware designed to allow computers to communicate over a computer network. NIC can be identified easily. It has a special port called RJ-45. RJ means Registered Jack. And also a led to indicate a data is being transferred.

2. Repeaters

A repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it at a higher power level, or to the other side of an obstruction, so that the signal can cover longer distances without degradation.

3. Hub

A hub contains multiple ports. When a packet arrives at one port, it is copied to all the ports of the hub for transmission. When the packets are copied, the destination address in the frame does not change to a broadcast address. Below is a picture of 5-port ethernet hub.

4. Router

A device that forwards data packets between computer networks, creating an overlay internetwork. A router is connected to two or more data lines from different networks. When a data packet comes in one of the lines, the router reads the address information in the packet to determine its ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey. Routers perform the "traffic directing" functions on the Internet.

CHAPTER III
CLOSING

A.    Knot

Based on the description of the discussion “Computer Network” can be concluded that : 

1.      A network is a collection of computers connected to each other. The network allows computers to communicate with each other and share resources and information.

2.      Various types of computer networks are Local-area networks (LANs), Wide-area networks (WANs), Campus-area networks (CANs), Metropolitan-area networks (MANs) and Home-area networks (HANs)

3.      Characteristics of various types of networks are Topology, Protocol and Architecture

4.      For a basic computer network we would need Network Interface Cards, Repeaters and Hub

A.     Advice

1.         Computer network technology help us in a variety of activities . Therefore, use them wisely so as not to harm others

2.         Expand our knowledge of computer network

BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://home.iitk.ac.in/~navi/sidbinetworkcourse/lecture1.ppt

http://vfu.bg/en/e-Learning/Computer-Networks--Network.ppt

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